Abstract：To mitigate the problem of space charge accumulation in polymer insulating materials such as cross-linked polyethylene for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables, nanofiller doping has become an important technical approach to enhance the dielectric properties of composite dielectrics. This study focuses on nanocomposite dielectrics used in high-voltage cable insulation materials and systematically elucidates three core dielectric insulation mechanisms of nanocomposite dielectrics: interfacial effects, bipolar charge transport, and percolation theory. From the two perspectives of electronic structure and morphological characteristics, it summarizes and analyzes the dielectric regulation laws and action mechanisms of different nanofillers, and identifies the current research bottlenecks and industrialization obstacles in the field. Currently, the three mechanisms are interrelated and synergistic, forming a theoretical system for the research on dielectric insulation of nanocomposite dielectrics. Insulating fillers such as MgO and SiO2 exhibit outstanding performance in improving breakdown strength and suppressing space charge. Fillers with three-dimensional morphology achieve synergistic regulation of dielectric and mechanical properties, while the surface modification and dispersion of fillers are key to the modification efficiency. Although existing studies have established a basic framework, issues including insufficient analysis of multi-mechanism coupling, filler agglomeration at high loadings, and immature industrialization processes still restrict practical applications. In the future, it is necessary to deepen multi-mechanism coupling modeling, develop precise preparation techniques, and combine emerging fillers with modification technologies to promote the large-scale and industrial application of nanocomposite dielectrics.
FENG Yong,CHEN Yanxi,REN Congjing. Research Progress of Nanocomposite Dielectrics for High-Voltage Cable Insulation[J]. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2026, 42(2): 180-190.
